First Semester:

PAPER – 01 (Theory): Mathematical Methods of Physics

 Vector Spaces and Matrices: linear independence; Bases; Dimensionality; Inner product; Linear transformations; Matrices; Inverse; Orthogonal and unitary matrices; Independent elements of a matrix; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors; Diagonalization; Complete orthonormal sets of functions.     N.L.P.-07

 Tensor Calculus: Cartesian tensors. Symmetric and antisymmetric tensors. Levi Vivitia tensor density. Pseudo tensors. Dual tensors. Dire4ct product and contraction. Dyads and dyadics. Covariant, Contravariant and mixed tensors. Christoffel symbols and differentiation of tensors.          N.L.P-06
 

Second Semester:

PAPER – 05 (Theory): Electronics

 Group A: Electronics: - I

 Bipolar devices: Carrier concentration in intrinsic semiconductor,  Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductor, basic semiconductor equations, volt-ampere equation in pn diode, temperature dependence of  VI characteristics  of pn diode, dynamic diffusion capacitance, Ebers-Mole equation, expression for transistor  alpha,  (Integrated Electronics: J. Millman and C Halkias)            NPL=4

 Field-effect transistor: Ideal voltage controlled current source, JFET, MESFET, MOSFET ( both enhancement and depletion type), structure, volt-ampere characteristics, the DC analysis of FET, the MOSFET as a resistance, the FET as a switch, the FET as an amplifier, small signal FET model. (Microelectronics : Millman abd Crabel)     NPL= 4

 Microwave device: Conception of negative resistance and its significance, the Tunnel diode, Gunn diode, p-i-n diode, Avalanche photo-diode,  IMPATT, TRAPATT, BARITT  diodes [Microwave   Devices and circuits: S.Y. Liao]                NPL= 4

 Photonic device: Radiative and non-radiative transitions, Optical absorption, Principle photoconductive device,  quantum efficiency and photoconductive gain, LED: Commercial LED material, LED construction, response time in LED,  LED drive circuitry, photodiode, photovoltaic mode and photoconductive mode, diode laser, attainment of population inversion, photo-transistors, Optical feedback, optical gain threshold current for lasing. (Optoelectronics: J. Wilson and J.F.B. Hawkes)            NPL=4

 Memory device: Definitions and characteristics of ROM, EROM, EPROM, RAM, SRAM & DRAM; NMOS inverter, propagation delay in NOMOS inverter, the  NMOS logic gates, the CMOS inverter, the CMOS logic gates, CCD, introduction to magnetic, optical and ferroelectric memories.( Microelectronics : Millman abd Crabel)        NPL=4

 Operational Amplifiers (OPAMP) applications: Butterworth active filters of first and second order, RC phase shift oscillator, multivibrators (mon-stable and astable), logarithmic and antilogarithmic amplifiers, comparator, Schmitt trigger, triangular and square wave generators, high input impedance voltmeter. (Operational amplifier: Robert F. Coughlin and Fredrick F. Driscoll)NPL=4

 Group B: Electronics: - II

Analog circuits: Bipolar transistor bias stabilization against variation of temperature, IC, VBE and  b, emitter follower, hybrid-p common emitter transistor model and short circuit current gain. (Integrated Electronics: J. Millman and C Halkias).           NPL= 4

Feedback amplifiers: Classification of amplifiers, the feedback concept, the transfer gain with feedback, input and output resistances in the case of voltage-series-, current-series-, voltage shunt-, and current shunt negative feedback,  bandwidth expansion and reduction of noise by negative feedback. (Integrated Electronics: J. Millman and C Halkias)   NPL = 4

Power circuits and system: Large signal amplifiers, harmonic distortion, Class A, -B and –AB operation, efficiency of class A amplifier, Class A and –B Push pull amplifiers. (Integrated Electronics: J. Millman and C Halkias)          NPL = 3

Power supply: Input regulation factor, output resistance, temperature coefficient; series voltage regulator preliminary and use of Darlington pair [(Integrated Electronics: J. Millman and C Halkias Monolithic IC regulators (LM 105, LM340,  LM 317, mA 723,  78**, & 79** series  and their basic principle).[R. F. Coughlin and F.F. Driscoll]          NPL =5

Communication Electronics: Basic architecture of electronic communication. Amplitude Modulation: Ordinary AM generation demodulation; Generation of DSB signal  and demodulation of DSB signal;  Generation of SSB signal  and demodulation of SSB signal; Generation of VSB signal  and demodulation of VSB signal; Frequency translation and mixing , Frequency division multiplexing (FDM). Conception of angle modulation, Fourier spectra of angle modulated signal. [Analog and digital communications: H. P. Hsu]          NPL =9
 

Third Semester

PAPER – 11 (Theory): Atomic and Molecular Physics

 Group A: Atomic Physics

Quantum states of one electron atoms – Atomic Orbitals – Hydrogen spectrum – Pauli’s principle. Transition rates and Slection rules. Fine structure of hydrogen and alkali spectra. Quantum defect in alkali spectra.       NLP : 6

Normal and anomalous Zeeman effect – Paschen Back effect – Stark effect – Lamb shift.          NLP : 4

Two electron systems – Role of Pauli exclusion principle – Spectra of He atoms. Singlet and Triplet series. Independent particle model. Excited states.         NLP : 4

Many Electron Atoms: Equivalent and non – equivalent electrons – LS coupling and J-J coupling. Hund’s rule. Hyperfine structure (qualitative) – Line broadening mechanisms (general ideas)   NLP : 4

LASERS : Spontaneous and Stimulated emission – Einstein coefficients – Population inversion. Rate equation – Threshold conduction for laser oscillation – Pumping schemes – Role of resonant cavity – Three and four level systems – He-Ne laser, CO2 laser, Semiconductor laser, Laser induced reactions and isotope separations. LASER as a probe for studying excited states of atoms.  NLP : 7

Group B: Molecular Physics
(Visiting Professor teaches a part of the Molecular Physics)

Molecular Structure : Born Oppenheimer approximation for diatomic molecules. Rotation and vibrations of diatomic molecules. Electronic structure of diatomic molecules. Molecular orbital method. Heitler London method.       NLP : 5

Rotational spectra : Diatomic, linear symmetric top, asymmetric top and spherical top molecules. Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules as a rigid rotor. Energy levels and spectra of non rigid rotor. Intensity of rotational lines. Isotopic effect. Stark effect and Stark modulated microwave spectrometer (qualitative).     NLP : 5

Vibrational energy of diatomic molecules. Diatomic molecule as a simple harmonic oscillator. Energy levels and spectrum. Morse potential energy curve. Molecules as vibrating rotator. Rotational - Vibrational spectrum of diatomic molecule – PQR branches. Isotopic effect. IR spectrometer (qualitative).       NLP : 5

Raman effect. Quantum theory. Molecular polarisability. Pure rotational Raman spectra of diatomic molecules. Vibration rotation Raman spectrum of diatomic molecules. Intensity alterations in Raman spectra of diatomic molecules.     NLP : 3

Mossbauer effect : Resonance fluorescence. Kramors Heisenberg formula. Mossbauer effect. Elementary theory of recoil less emission (absorption) of gamma rays. Shift and splitting of Mossbauer lines. Isomer shift. Quadrupole interactions. Magnetic hyper-fine interactions. Line broadening.      NLP : 7 

TEXT BOOKS:

1. H.E.White : Introduction to Atomic Spectra –
2. B.H.Bransden and C.J.Joachain : Physics of Atoms and Molecules. Longman 1983.
3. C.N.Banwell : Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy. Tata – McGraw Hill.
4. G.M.Barrow : Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw Hill.
5. A.K.Ghatak : Laser.  Tata – McGraw Hill

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. G.Herzberg : Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure. Vol. . Van Nostran 1950.
2. B.W.SHore and D.H.Menzel : Principles of Atomic Spectra. John Wiley.
3. G.M.Barrow : Introduction to Molecular Spectroscopy, McGraw Hill.
4. Spectroscopy ; Vol I, II and III Walker and Straughen.
5. Molecular Spectroscopy – J.M.Hollas.
 

Fourth Semester

PAPER – 15 (Theory):  

Special Paper: II: Advanced Electronics Second part

Group A: Advanced Electronics Second Part: - I

Simplifying Logic Circuit & Mapping & code conversion: Sum-of-product and product of sum (using De Morgan’s theorem, using NAND and using NOR logics), Karnaugh Maps, Don’t care combinations, Hybrid logic, Minimization of multiple output circuit, variable spacing, Quine-Mc Clusky method, function minimization of multiple output circuits. Encoding , decoding BCD to decimal & BCD to seven-segment code. (Digital principles: R. L. Tokheim, Schaum’s Outline Series).     NLP = 4

Registers and counters :Buffer register, data transmission shift register, serial in serial out shift register, serial in parallel out shift register, parallel in serial out shift register and parallel in parallel out shift register, bi-directional shift register, universal shift register, dynamic shift register, applications of shift registers: Up/down ripple counter, effect of propagation delay in ripple counter, up/down synchronous counter, ring counter.       NLP = 7